Discussion
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is a chronic progressive lung disease that is nonreversible and includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems (“Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),” 2020). COPD affects people aged 65 to over 75 years of age. Some complications of COPD can have increased confusion or memory loss, in addition to functional limitations (Greenlund, Liu, Deokar, Wheaton, & Croft, 2016). For instance, people may have difficulty walking or engage in social activities like eating out or going to social events.
COPD is now the third leading cause of death in the United States, yet between 85 to 90 percent of COPD deaths can be prevented simply by not smoking. 5 ways to prevent the development of COPD include stopping smoking, avoiding second-hand smoke, avoiding air pollution, avoiding occupational exposures, and knowing one’s family history due to a genetic component of COPD (“5 best ways to prevent COPD,” 2011). Public health programs and policies that focus on tobacco-use prevention and cessation, reducing occupational exposure to dusts and chemicals, and reducing other indoor and outdoor air pollutants are critically important for the health promotion aspect of preventing COPD (CDC Foundation, 2016). Early treatment and control of asthma may also prevent the development of COPD (CDC Foundation, 2016). Patients with COPD have increased nutritional requirements because of the additional work of breathing (CDC Foundation, 2016). If dietary requirements are not met, musculature of the chest wall could deteriorate. If COPD patients are underweight, patients can be educated to add the following sources of additional calories: butter, margarine, mayonnaise, peanut butter, nuts, and high-fat ice cream (COPD Foundation, 2016). Meeting nutritional requirements is one way nurses can help to reduce hospital readmissions for the COPD patient.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (2020, April 28). Retrieved fromhttps://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html
5 best ways to prevent COPD. (2011, September 13). Retrieved from https://www.everydayhealth.com/copd/5-best-ways-to-prevent-copd.aspx
Greenlund, K. J., Liu, Y., Deokar, A. J., Wheaton, A. G., & Croft, J. B. (2016). Association of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Increased Confusion or Memory Loss and Functional Limitations Among Adults in 21 States, 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Preventing chronic disease, 13, E02. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150428
https://www.cdc.gov/copd/pdfs/Framework_for_COPD_Prevention.pdf COPD Foundation. (2016). Slim Skinny's reference guide. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/ajhom/Downloads/SSRG_NutritionTips_v1.3_WM.CV01.pdf
REPLY2 150 WORDS CITATION REFERENCES
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive pulmonary disease that is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes that causes obstructed air flow within the lungs. Most common symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus and wheezing. COPD is a chronic condition that is caused in general by prolonged exposure to irritants, most common example being cigarette smoke. Patients with COPD “often have multiple comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, anxiety, and depression” (Johnson, A.R., 2020), and are also at risk of developing other complications such as lung cancer, high blood pressure in the lung arteries, respiratory infections, etc.
Since COPD is a chronic, irreversible condition, the role of the nurse usually involves extensive education and support for smoking cessation, how to reduce exposure to irritants, role of having a yearly flu shot, when and how to use inhalers correctly, difference between different kinds of inhalers, respiratory rehabilitation, oxygen use, ways to manage dyspnea and COPD exacerbation, when to contact a medical professional if symptoms are not managed, etc. Another step to be considered in health promotion and disease prevention is discussing nutrition as “an important modifiable factor for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” (Walker, J., 2019). Being overweight brings breathing difficulties, so the importance of maintaining a healthy weight has to be addressed with COPD patients since they tend to be less active due to fear of increased dyspnea. Also, being malnourished leads to complications and weight loss since the mere breathing effort necessary for COPD patients consumes a lot of calories and high protein/calorie diet can improve the outcome.
References:
Johnson, A.R. (2020), Pathophysiology Clinical Applications for Client Health, Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs410v/pathophysiology-clinical-applications-for-client-health/v1.1/#/chapter/1
Walker, J. (2019). Enabling good nutritional care for patients with COPD. Journal of Community Nursing, 33(4), 61–64.
Assessing Client Progress
The client is a 65-year-old Caucasian heterosexual male. He has been living in a long term facility for five years. He has episodes of memory lapses. He experiences hopelessness and low moods, along with loneliness. The client has two sons and two daughters and a late wife. The client owns a furniture store that is currently under the son's management
To prepare:
Reflect on the client you selected for the Week 3 Practicum Assignment.
Review the Cameron and Turtle-Song (2002) article in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance on writing case notes using the SOAP format.
The Assignment
Part 1: Progress Note
Using the client from your Week 3 Assignment, address the following in a progress note (without violating HIPAA regulations):
Treatment modality used and efficacy of approach
Progress and/or lack of progress toward the mutually agreed-upon client goals (reference the Treatment plan—progress toward goals)
Modification(s) of the treatment plan that were made based on progress/lack of progress
Clinical impressions regarding diagnosis and/or symptoms
Relevant psychosocial information or changes from original assessment (i.e., marriage, separation/divorce, new relationships, move to a new house/apartment, change of job, etc.)
Safety issues
Clinical emergencies/actions taken
Medications used by the patient (even if the nurse psychotherapist was not the one prescribing them)
Treatment compliance/lack of compliance
Clinical consultations
Collaboration with other professionals (i.e., phone consultations with physicians, psychiatrists, marriage/family therapists, etc.)
Therapist’s recommendations, including whether the client agreed to the recommendations
Referrals made/reasons for making referrals
Termination/issues that are relevant to the termination process (i.e., client informed of loss of insurance or refusal of insurance company to pay for continued sessions)
Issues related to consent and/or informed consent for treatment
Information concerning child abuse, and/or elder or dependent adult abuse, including documentation as to where the abuse was reported
Information reflecting the therapist’s exercise of clinical judgment
Note: Be sure to exclude any information that should not be found in a discoverable progress note.
Part 2: Privileged Note
Based on this week’s readings, prepare a privileged psychotherapy note that you would use to document your impressions of therapeutic progress/therapy sessions for your client from the Week 3 Practicum Assignment.
The privileged note should include items that you would not typically include in a note as part of the clinical record.
Explain why the items you included in the privileged note would not be included in the client’s progress note.
Explain whether your preceptor uses privileged notes, and if so, describe the type of information he or she might include. If not, explain why.
HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
Please read the article below and answer the following questions:
What was the purpose of the intervention and what was its rationale?
Briefly describe the design, the procedure, and the participants. (1/2 page)
What were the components of the intervention? (1/2 page)
What types of evaluation did the researchers employ to assess the effects of the intervention? Of what did these evaluations consist? (1/2 page)
Was the intervention successful? Please explain. Then, please formulate a discussion on what may have been the factors that affected the intervention's success or lack thereof. Use both the authors' speculations as well as yours.
Bere E., Veierod, M. B., Bjelland M., & Klepp K. I. (2006). Outcome and process evaluation of a Norwegian school-randomized fruit and vegetable intervention: Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks (FVMM). Health Education Research, 21 (2) 258-267. Available in the Trident Online Library
Assignment Expectations
Please make sure that all assignment questions are specifically answered, that your answers are clear, and your paper is well organized. It is important that you analyze the information, cover relevant areas, formulate conclusions, and provide enough depth, while paying attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Properly cite your references (for question 3) and limit your papers to a maximum of 3 pages.
Your assignment will not be graded until you have submitted an Originality Report with a Similarity Index (SI) score <15% (excluding direct quotes, quoted assignment instructions, and references). Papers not meeting this requirement by the end of the session will receive a score of 0 (grade of F). Papers with a lower SI score may be returned for revisions. For example, if one paragraph accounting for only 10% of a paper is cut and pasted, the paper could be returned for revision, despite the low SI score. Please use the report and your SI score as a guide to improve the originality of your work
Family assessment
Minimum 4 full pages
2)¨******APA norms, please use headers
All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs
Bulleted responses are not accepted
Dont write in the first person
Dont copy and pase the questions.
Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph
3) It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign
4) Minimum 6 references not older than 5 years
5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question.
Example:
Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX
Q 2. Health is XXXX
______________________________________________
1) Choose a family in your community (Florida-Miami) and conduct a family health assessment addressing the questions below.
1. Family composition.
Type of family, age, gender and racial/ethnic composition of the family.
2. Roles of each family member. Who is the leader in the family? Who is the primary provider? Is there any other provider?
3. Do family members have any existing physical or psychological conditions that are affecting family function?
4. Home (physical condition) and external environment; living situation (this must include financial information). How the family support itself.
For example, working parents, children or any other member
5. How adequately have individual family members accomplished age-appropriate developmental tasks?
6. Do individual family member’s developmental states create stress in the family?
7. What developmental stage is the family in? How well has the family achieve the task of this and previous developmental stages?
8. Any family history of genetic predisposition to disease?
9. Immunization status of the family?
10. Any child or adolescent experiencing problems
11. Hospital admission of any family member and how it is handled by the other members?
12. What are the typical modes of family communication? It is affective? Why?
13. How are decisions make in the family?
14. Is there evidence of violence within the family? What forms of discipline are use?
15. How well the family deals with crisis?
16. What cultural and religious factors influence the family health and social status?
17. What are the family goals?
18. Identify any external or internal sources of support that are available?
19. Is there evidence of role conflict? Role overload?
20. Does the family have an emergency plan to deal with family crisis, disasters?
2) Identify 3 nursing diagnosis and develop a short plan of care using the nursing process.
HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES
The SLP assignment for this course will entail becoming familiar with Healthy People initiative. To the end, you will be asked to view a series of videos presenting the key components of Healthy People 2020, illustrating how these are being implemented, noting data sources available to monitor progress toward achievement of Healthy People goals objectives, and recommending strategies for incorporating Healthy People into the work we do as health educators.
View the fourth and final of these videos. After watching the video, address the following questions:
How do you plan to use Healthy People 2020 in your work as a new health educator?
What specific resources (web-based or otherwise) will you likely use? Please list and briefly describe each.
Thinking back to the Leading Health Indicator you identified as a primary concern in Module 1, how will you track progress toward achievement of the corresponding Healthy People 2020 objectives?
SLP Assignment Expectations
Length: 3 pages
Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric. You can view it under Assessments at the top of the page. Review it before you begin working on the assignment. Your work should also follow these Assignment Expectations.
Chronic illness
Consider the following factors that affect chronic illness when responding to your selected topic — pain, stigma, social isolation, altered mobility, or fatigue.
Topic 1
· Based on the research, which of the factors above have the greatest impact on a patient? Why?
· Contrast at least two ways the factors would affect a twelve-year-old with the way they would affect a seventy-five-year-old.
Topic 2
Consider the twelve-year-old and the seventy-five-year-old have a chronic illness.
· Describe the chronic illness trajectory.
· How does the chronically ill patient's illness trajectory influence the plan of care?
Complementary Therapies
Choose one of this week’s complementary therapies, such as Ayurveda, Sufism, or Chinese Medicine.
· What is your opinion of the value of this therapy?
· What do you base your opinion on?
· Would you recommend this therapy? Why or why not? How would you discuss this method if asked by a patient?
· Review two of the postings by a peer (on different complementary therapies) and compare and contrast the evidence and usage of that therapy with the therapy you chose.
· Support your paper with 3 nursing articles not older than 5 yrs. Your essay covered all questions
Nursing Discussion
your initial response to one of the two topics below.
Envisioning Yourself as an Advocate for Nurses and Health Policy
Topic 1
From the chapter “The Changing United States Health Care System” in your course textbook, using either the story of Wald's efforts to improve the health status of impoverished immigrant communities or the story of how advanced practice registered nurses have struggled with their legitimacy within the health care delivery system, compare your own experience in nursing.
Have there been challenges you have faced? If so, what strategies did you employ to overcome these challenges?
How do you envision your career moving forward in advocating for your patients? Your community? Yourself?
Topic 2
From your daily briefs, Kaiser Health News Morning Briefing or POLITICO Pulse.
List the interest groups that are mentioned in the brief and what their interest is in the piece.
Categorize the issues in the brief according to the following—politics and politicians, access to health care, health care insurance, health care legislation, money, drugs, or other.
Assessing client family progress
Assessing Client Family Progress
Learning Objectives
Students will:
· Create progress notes
· Create privileged notes
· Justify the inclusion or exclusion of information in progress and privileged notes
· Evaluate preceptor notes
To prepare:
· Reflect on the client family you selected for the Week 3 Practicum Assignment.
Assignment
Part 1: Progress Note
Using the client family from your Week 3 Practicum Assignment,( Will Attach) address in a progress note (without violating HIPAA regulations) the following:
· Treatment modality used and efficacy of approach
· Progress and/or lack of progress toward the mutually agreed-upon client goals (reference the treatment plan for progress toward goals)
· Modification(s) of the treatment plan that were made based on progress/lack of progress
· Clinical impressions regarding diagnosis and or symptoms
· Relevant psychosocial information or changes from original assessment (e.g., marriage, separation/divorce, new relationships, move to a new house/apartment, change of job)
· Safety issues
· Clinical emergencies/actions taken
· Medications used by the patient, even if the nurse psychotherapist was not the one prescribing them
· Treatment compliance/lack of compliance
· Clinical consultations
· Collaboration with other professionals (e.g., phone consultations with physicians, psychiatrists, marriage/family therapists)
· The therapist’s recommendations, including whether the client agreed to the recommendations
· Referrals made/reasons for making referrals
· Termination/issues that are relevant to the termination process (e.g., client informed of loss of insurance or refusal of insurance company to pay for continued sessions)
· Issues related to consent and/or informed consent for treatment
· Information concerning child abuse and/or elder or dependent adult abuse, including documentation as to where the abuse was reported
· Information reflecting the therapist’s exercise of clinical judgment
Note: Be sure to exclude any information that should not be found in a discoverable progress note.
Part 2: Privileged Note
Based on this week’s readings, prepare a privileged psychotherapy note that you would use to document your impressions of therapeutic progress/therapy sessions for your client family from the Week 3 Practicum Assignment.
In your progress note, address the following:
· Include items that you would not typically include in a note as part of the clinical record.
· Explain why the items you included in the privileged note would not be included in the client family’s progress note.
· Explain whether your preceptor uses privileged notes. If so, describe the type of information he or she might include. If not, explain why.
Resources ( need 3 references).
American Nurses Association. (2014). Psychiatric-mental health nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Nichols, M., & Davis, S. D. (2020). The essentials of family therapy (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Wheeler, K. (Ed.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Springer.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author
Healthcare Beliefs of Different Cultures
When healthcare professionals are working in multicultural societies, it is important to consider the healthcare beliefs of the different patients they deal with. Getting to know the beliefs of different cultures might lead to a change in the treatment approach. Also, guided by the healthcare beliefs of a culture, the healthcare provider can decide on the best approach to offer help to a patient. Below is a look at the beliefs of the Russians, Thais, and Polish people regarding healthcare. The healthcare beliefs in these cultures are different by they share several similarities.
People of Russian Heritage
When it comes to healthcare, people of Russian heritage believe that an ill person should be cared for properly. Some Russians view the sources of diseases as punishment for going against traditions, and some associate diseases with evil (Shek, 2018). This high status that the patients are accorded influences their relationship with not only the family but also with those who provide care. There is also a strong belief in the power of drugs. Among the Russians, the fear of drug addiction is strong. Therefore before a healthcare provider prescribes drugs, there has to be consultation with the patient, especially pain medication. People of Russian heritage tend to be stoic, and they prefer not to take medication for pain.
The Russians strongly believe in traditional Russian medicine. In 2005 the World Health Organization published information about how traditional medicine is common. When people of Russian heritage immigrate to a country like America, they have a problem understanding the cultural etiquette of the new surroundings (Shek, 2018). Patients tend to be so close with their physicians in Russia, and patients can confess to the healthcare providers similarly as it is done to a priest. Rather than understanding the autonomy and privacy provided by American doctors, Russian immigrants can complain about the quality of care not being enough (Shek, 2018). The belief of death among the Russians is linked to the religion they ascribe to. After death, the eyes are closed, and the body is laid on the floor. Bodies are never left alone, and embalming goes against the traditions because bodies are expected to go through natural decomposition.
People of Polish Heritage
Diseases and pain are viewed as punishments from God, providing a chance for people to repent or atone their wrongs. Therefore, similarly to the Russians, people of Polish heritage tend to approach pain with stoicism. Even though there is a stoic attitude when patients are feeling pain, it is accepted for ill patients to take pain-relieving drugs (Mathijsen, 2019). In the case of sicknesses, polish people believe in complementary medicine, and it plays an important role in the Polish healthcare even without any medical practitioners’ opinion. Some Polish people use homeopathic remedies to heal diseases, and they combine them with lifestyle changes and new eating habits.
This believes that people have affect their efforts to search for care. Polish people use the medical hierarchy. Efforts to visit specialists set in when the patient's condition worsens, and this, at times, limits the ability of the health care professional to help (Mathijsen, 2019). When Polish people immigrate to other countries, they tend to seek care from Poland born people due to the language barrier. People of Polish origin believe that death is part of life, and once the soul leaves the body, it leaves externally forever.
People of Thai Heritage
Among the Thai, there is a strong influence of religion in culture and in healthcare. Therefore the Thai people attribute health problems in their bodies due to the Yin-Yang imbalance (Truman et al., 2020). Additionally, some people also attribute health issues to supernatural causes, and some view these issues as punishments that are sent by God. The family is considered as the first healthcare provider to a sick family member. There is a strong belief in home remedies to treat illnesses, and biomedical medicine comes in as the second option. A unique belief among the Thai is that the soul is connected to different parts of the body, and invasive procedures might give the soul a gateway to escape.
Due to the beliefs that The Thai hold, providing care at times, might be challenging. For example, due to the fear that the soul might leave the body, Thais might refuse surgery for treatable health conditions (Truman et al., 2020). Healthcare providers should consult with patients to know more about their preferences and their attitudes. When it comes to death, the Thai people view death as a natural process, and there is a strong belief in reincarnation and the presence of ancestral spirits.
Similarities in health beliefs of Thai, Polish and Russian heritage
From the summaries in healthcare beliefs of the above cultures, similarities in belief include trust and belief in traditional medicine and the family being a support system for patients. Traditional medicine and home remedies are viewed as treatment options, and people result to biomedical drugs when traditional options fail. Another similarity between the Polish and Russians is a stoic attitude to pain.
References
Mathijsen, A. (2019). Home, sweet home? Understanding diasporic medical tourism behaviour. Exploratory research of Polish immigrants in Belgium. Tourism Management, 72, 373-385.
Shek, O. (2018). Mental Healthcare Reforms in Post-Soviet Russia: Negotiating new ideas and values.
Truman, T., Higham, R., Chernenko, A., Ahmmad, Z., Pye, M., Sin, K., ... & Kamimura, A. (2020). Beliefs and experiences about immunization among refugees resettled in the United States from the Thailand-Myanmar (Burma) border. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 1-10
